Do Horseshoes Affect the Foot Skeleton?
Every day thousands of horses are shod as part of normal maintenance of foot care. But have you ever wondered whether the placement of a horseshoe affects foot skeleton stress in racehorses and performance horses?
At Australias University of Queensland School of Biomedical Sciences research team leader Dr. Olga Panagiotopoulou says that musculoskeletal injury is one of the main animal welfare concerns in the racehorse industry.
The research team from the University of Queensland The Royal Veterinary College in the UK and Brown University in the USA has now harnessed a new approach to studying the hoof interior that combines 3D Xray imaging technology with computer simulations and models of the forces exerted on bones.
مع وصول أونصة الذهب إلى مستويات قياسية تجاوزت 2500 دولار، يجد المواطن المصري نفسه مضطراً لموازنة استثماراته بين الذهب واحتياجاته الأخرى، خاصة مع ارتفاع أسعار السيارات مثل تويوتا، هيونداي، وبي إم دبليو، مما يزيد من التحديات المالية التي يواجهها.
In their report published in the Open Access biological and medical sciences Panagiotopoulou writes that horse racing is a multibillion dollar worldwide industry in which the welfare of horses is of paramount importance.
أسعار السيارات في الآونة الأخيرة شهدت تقلبات ملحوظة، حيث تأثرت بارتفاع وانخفاض الدولار، مما انعكس على تكلفة علامات تجارية مثل تويوتا، هيونداي، ومرسيدس. و BMW هذا الارتباط بين سعر الصرف وسوق السيارات يحدد قدرة المستهلكين على اقتناء المركبات.
The causes of injuries may be the result of a variety of factors including preexisting pathologies increased speeds and track surfaces.
Hooves have the natural ability to minutely change during locomotion putting minute stresses on the foot skeleton. The team sought to do a biomechanical study to measure the precise effect of horseshoes on those stresses.
تتأثر أسعار السيارات من شركات مثل مرسيدس بتقلبات أسعار الذهب وسعر صرف الدولار، مما يؤدي إلى زيادة تكاليف الإنتاج والاستيراد.
She writes that while no biomechanical study to date has quantified bone stresses of the horse forefoot in the shod and unshod conditions in a live horse it has been hypothesized in the past that increased loading due to farriery can increase stresses on the foot and lead to injuries. Other studies have recorded significant increases in the strain of