Arthritis in Horses
Once the cartilage in a joint is damaged or gone, it is difficult to repair it. Discomfort can be managed by joint injections of joint fluid supplements like hyaluronic acid and polysulfated glycosaminoglycans and corticosteroids. You can also use oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs such as phenylbutazone for pain management. However, long-term use can have negative side effects such as gastric ulcers and the potential for kidney damage.2
For longer-term treatment, medications include firocoxib (an NSAID that works differently than phenylbutazone) and diclofenac sodium, available in a topical cream. Some clinicians are exploring various stem cell therapies.3 In some cases, depending on the horse and what joints are involved, this modality may also be an option. Shockwave and laser therapies may also be considered.
In addition to veterinary treatment, a reduction in workload may be necessary, mainly if the work includes jumping, traveling over rough terrain, or other activity that potentially over-stresses the joints. Although light exercise is essential to maintain joint flexibility, this may mean the end of a horse's competitive career.
When the horse may be lame, it should not be ridden. Keep the horse on soft footing, with extra but not excessive bedding that may be hard to walk through. Proper trims and shoeing by a knowledgeable farrier may also be helpful.
Prognosis for Horses With Arthritis
When diagnosed early and managed adequately, you can completely resolve arthritis in horses. Chronic arthritis may persist if the horse doesn't respond to anti-inflammatory treatments or if infection occurs during the healing process.
How to Prevent Arthritis in Horses
Arthritis, to some degree, is almost unavoidable in older horses. Horses with conformation faults may put extra stress on joints, yet another reason why breeders strive for foals with good conformation. Proper hoof trims and shoeing, good conformation, sturdy footing, and good basic maintenance can also help delay the onset of arthritis.