Tetanus in Horses

Ingested bacteria: In addition to puncture wounds, horses can contract tetanus by ingesting bacteria. If a horse eats contaminated soil, dust, or manure, it can enter the body and cause infection. Eating manure is uncommon in horses, so this usually occurs when a horse eats contaminated feed.

Diagnosing Tetanus in Horses

A vet will diagnose tetanus in a horse by examining physical symptoms, medical history, and sometimes with a blood test to confirm the presence of the tetanus-causing toxin. A vet can usually make a diagnosis if your horse is exhibiting distinctive signs of tetanus, such as a locked jaw, in conjunction with a puncture wound.

Treatment

Treatment of tetanus in horses begins with thoroughly cleaning the wound and surrounding area. Your vet will prescribe large amounts of antibiotics and antitoxins to stop the bacteria from multiplying further. If a horse has already been vaccinated against tetanus, your vet may administer an additional dose.

After the tetanus infection has been treated, your vet will advise palliative care methods. For horses still able to eat, You should place food and water at a height that is easy for the horse to reach, and you should keep your horse in a secluded, dark stall to avoid over-stimulation in its already agitated state. If the horse cannot stand, it may be put in a sling to keep it on its feet. Your vet may also prescribe muscle relaxants, sedatives, and IV fluids.

Prognosis for Horses With Tetanus

The prognosis for horses with tetanus is poor, and most will die or be euthanized. When detected early, treatment can be effective, but in many cases, by the time the horse receives a diagnosis, it's too late. The prognosis is more optimistic for horses who can still stand, and they will improve within two to six weeks, but 80% of horses will die.1

How to Prevent Tetanus

Tetanus is easily prevented in horses. Your horse should be vaccinated against tetanus every two years, but most horse-owners vaccinate yearly. Foals need to be vaccinated after about four months, and if the mare is vaccinated, the foal will receive some protection from the colostrum. In addition to vaccinations, you should make sure your horse's living space is clean and keep sharp objects off of the ground.